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A Level Maths · Pure · Year 12 and 13

A Level Maths Proof revision

Proof questions are short but unforgiving: the mark goes for a complete, clearly-worded argument, not for the right idea. They turn up on every board, often as the first or last question on a pure paper.

  • Same content for AQA, Edexcel and OCR
  • Step-by-step mark schemes
  • 48-hour free trial, no card
What you need to know

Proof in Year 12 and Year 13

AS content is usually taught in Year 12. The full A Level adds the Year 13 content.

Year 12 (AS content)

  • Proof by deduction, including simple algebraic proofs about odd, even and consecutive integers
  • Proof by exhaustion: checking every case
  • Disproof by counter-example

Year 13 (full A Level only)

  • Proof by contradiction, including the irrationality of √2 and the infinitude of primes

Worked examplemedium4 marks

Prove algebraically that the difference between the squares of any two consecutive odd integers is always a multiple of $8$.

Mark scheme and worked answer

[M1] for defining two consecutive odd integers, e.g., $2n - 1$ and $2n + 1$, where $n \in \mathbb{Z}$.
[M1] for setting up the difference of their squares: $(2n + 1)^2 - (2n - 1)^2$.
[A1] for expanding and simplifying correctly: $(4n^2 + 4n + 1) - (4n^2 - 4n + 1) = 8n$.
[R1] for concluding that since $n$ is an integer, $8n$ is a multiple of $8$. [AG]

Then practise: skills to practise · open proof practice questions.

Where it's examined

Proof on the AQA, Edexcel and OCR papers

Every board examines the same A Level Maths content, set by the Department for Education. Only the paper it appears on and the section numbering differ.

BoardSpecification referenceExamined in
AQA 7357AQA section APaper 1, and Section A of Papers 2 and 3
Edexcel 9MA0Edexcel topic Pure 1Paper 1 and Paper 2
OCR A H240OCR reference 1.01Paper 1, and the pure sections of Papers 2 and 3
Practice questions

A Level Maths proof exam-style questions

Three examples from the question bank. Every question comes with a step-by-step mark scheme (M, A and B marks) once you start practising.

Question 1easy3 marks

Prove algebraically that the sum of any three consecutive integers is a multiple of $3$.

Mark scheme: in the 48-hour free trial.

Question 2medium4 marks

Prove by contradiction that $\sqrt{5}$ is an irrational number.

Mark scheme: in the 48-hour free trial.

Question 3hard6 marks

Prove by contradiction that there are an infinite number of prime numbers.

Mark scheme: in the 48-hour free trial.

Questions are original and written in the style of Edexcel 9MA0, and cover content that AQA and OCR examine too. They are not past-paper questions.

In the practice engine

Skills you can practise

These skills sit in the Pure I unit of the UK A Level practice engine. Pick any mix of them, set the difficulty, and check each answer against its mark scheme.

Proof by deductionProof by exhaustionDisproof by counter-exampleProof by contradiction

Open Pure I practice

Past papers

Past paper questions on proof

Proof can come up on these papers (from each board's paper structure). We haven't mapped individual questions yet, so open a recent paper and look for it.

Papers are © the exam boards; each page links to the official question paper and mark scheme. All A Level Maths past papers →

Proof: common questions

Is proof on the AQA, Edexcel and OCR A Level Maths exams?

Yes. Proof is part of the A Level Maths content that every board examines: AQA section A, Edexcel Pure 1, OCR 1.01. It is assessed in AQA Paper 1, and Section A of Papers 2 and 3; Edexcel Paper 1 and Paper 2; OCR A Paper 1, and the pure sections of Papers 2 and 3.

Is proof Year 12 or Year 13 content?

Both. The AS content, usually taught in Year 12, is: Proof by deduction, including simple algebraic proofs about odd, even and consecutive integers; Proof by exhaustion: checking every case; Disproof by counter-example. The full A Level adds: Proof by contradiction, including the irrationality of √2 and the infinitude of primes.

How do I write a proof that gets full marks?

State what you are assuming, show every algebraic step, and finish with a concluding sentence that says what has been proved. Examiners withhold the final mark when the conclusion is missing, even if the algebra is right.

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